Skip to main content

Unfortunately we don't fully support your browser. If you have the option to, please upgrade to a newer version or use Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, or Safari 14 or newer. If you are unable to, and need support, please send us your feedback.

Elsevier
Publish with us
Gastrocnemius Muscle (Left)
Muscular System

Gastrocnemius Muscle (Left)

Musculus gastrocnemius

Read more

Quick Facts

Origin: Lateral and medial condyles of femur, lateral supracondylar line, and popliteal surface of femur.

Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon.

Action: Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint; flexes leg at knee joint.

Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1-S2).

Arterial Supply: Sural arteries.

Complete Anatomy
The world's most advanced 3D anatomy platform
Try it for Free

Origin

The gastrocnemius muscle consists of two heads:

- a medial head, which originates from the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the femur and the lateral aspect of the popliteal surface of the femur;

- a lateral head, which originates from the lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur and the inferior half of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur.

Insertion

The fibers of the medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius travel inferiorly and converge with each other and with the fibers of the soleus muscle to form the calcaneal tendon, which inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus.

Key Features & Anatomical Relations

Overall, the gastrocnemius muscle is one of the muscles of the superficial part of the posterior compartment of the leg. It is a thick, fusiform type of skeletal muscle and is composed of two heads:

- a slightly larger medial head;

- a slightly smaller lateral head.

The medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius are two of the three muscles that form the triceps surae muscle, the other being the soleus muscle.

The gastrocnemius muscle is located:

- anterior (deep) to the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle and the biceps femoris tendon;

- posterior (superficial) to the oblique popliteal ligament, the medial and lateral subtendinous bursae of gastrocnemius, the popliteus and soleus muscles, the tendon of the plantaris muscle, the posterior tibial vessels, and the tibial nerve.

Actions & Testing

Overall, the gastrocnemius muscle is involved in multiple actions:

- plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint;

- flexes the leg at the knee joint.

The gastrocnemius muscle cannot be tested in isolation, therefore all three muscles of the triceps surae are tested simultaneously by plantarflexing the foot at the ankle joint against resistance, during which both the gastrocnemius muscle and calcaneal tendon can be seen and palpated (Sinnatamby, 2011).

References

Sinnatamby, C. S. (2011) Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied. ClinicalKey 2012: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.

Learn more about this topic from other Elsevier products

Gastrocnemius Muscle

ScienceDirect image

It is a conjoined tendon consisting of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, with a small contribution of the plantaris muscle, and is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the calf.

Explore on ScienceDirect opens in new tab/window

Complete Anatomy

The world's most advanced 3D anatomy platform

Complete Anatomy