Quick Facts
Origin: Groove for popliteus muscle.
Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line.
Action: Medially rotates leg at knee joint; “unlocks” knee joint at beginning of knee flexion.
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4-S1).
Arterial Supply: Inferior medial and inferior lateral genicular arteries.
Related parts of the anatomy
Origin
The popliteus muscle originates, within the capsule of the knee joint, from the:
- anterior end of the groove for popliteus muscle, which is located on the lateral condyle of the femur;
- lateral meniscus;
- arcuate popliteal ligament.
The popliteus muscle also attaches to the head of the fibula via the popliteofibular ligament.
Insertion
The fibers of the popliteus muscle travel posteromedially and insert, via a short, broad tendon, onto the area of the posterior surface of the tibia that is located superior to the soleal line.
Key Features & Anatomical Relations
The popliteus muscle is one of the muscles of the deep part of the posterior compartment of the leg. It is a short, thin, triangular skeletal muscle.
It is located:
- superficial to the lateral condyle of femur and the proximal part of tibia;
- deep to the fibular collateral ligament, the plantaris muscle, the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, the biceps femoris tendon, the popliteal vessels, and the tibial nerve.
The popliteus muscle contributes to the formation of the floor of the popliteal fossa.
Actions
The popliteus muscle is involved in multiple actions:
- medially rotates the leg at the knee joint while this joint is held in a semiflexed position;
- laterally rotates the femur on the tibia, which is necessary to “unlock” the fully extended knee joint at the beginning of knee flexion (Standring, 2016).
References
Standring, S. (2016) Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Gray's Anatomy Series 41st edn.: Elsevier Limited.
Actions
The popliteus muscle is involved in multiple actions:
- medially rotates the leg at the knee joint while this joint is held in a semiflexed position;
- laterally rotates the femur on the tibia, which is necessary to “unlock” the fully extended knee joint at the beginning of knee flexion (Standring, 2016).
