Article sharing

Introduction

Authors who publish in Elsevier journals can share their research in several ways. Researchers who have subscribed access to articles published by Elsevier can share, too. There are some simple guidelines to follow, which vary depending on the article version you wish to share.

Quick definitions

Accepted manuscript

An accepted manuscript is the manuscript of an article that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and editor-author communications. They do not include other publisher value-added contributions such as copy-editing, formatting, technical enhancements and, if relevant, pagination.

Preprint

• Authors can share their preprint anywhere at any time

• If accepted for publication, we encourage authors to link from the preprint to their formal publication via its Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • Millions of researchers have access to the formal publications on ScienceDirect, and those links will help your users to find, access, cite and use the best available version

• Authors can update their preprints on arXiv or RePEc with their accepted manuscript

Please note:

• Some society-owned titles and journals that operate double-anonymized peer review have different preprint policies — please check the journals' Guide for Authors for further information

• Preprints should not be added to or enhanced in any way in order to appear more like, or to substitute for, the final versions of articles

Accepted manuscript

Authors can share their accepted manuscript:

Immediately:

• Via their non-commercial personal homepage or blog

• By updating a preprint in arXiv or RePEc with the accepted manuscript (and updating the license to a CC BY-NC-ND license)

• For scholarly purposes including for classroom teaching and at conferences

• Directly by providing copies to their students or to research collaborators for their personal use

• For private scholarly sharing via their research institute or institutional repository for internal institutional uses, or as part of an invitation-only work group (including on commercial sites with which Elsevier has an agreement)

Publicly, after the embargo period 새 탭/창에서 열기:

• Via non-commercial hosting platforms, such as their institutional repository

• Via commercial sites with which Elsevier has an agreement

• As part of non-commercial Massive Open Online Courses

In all cases accepted manuscripts should:

• Link to the formal publication via its DOI.

• Bear a CC-BY-NC-ND license — this is easy to do

• If aggregated with other manuscripts, for example, in a repository or other site, be shared in alignment with our hosting policy

• Not be added to or enhanced in any way to appear more like, or to substitute for, the published journal article

Published journal article

Policies for sharing published journal articles differ for subscription and gold open access articles:

Subscription articles:

• If you are the author, please share a link to your article rather than the full-text

  • Millions of researchers have access to the formal publications on ScienceDirect 새 탭/창에서 열기, and those links will help your users to find, access, cite and use the best available version

• If you are the author, you may privately share your Published Journal Article (PJA): for your classroom teaching, in presentations at meetings or conferences, including distribution of copies to the delegates attending such meetings for their personal use, and with known research colleagues for their personal use

• The author’s institution may: distribute copies for classroom teaching and internal training, include the article in (online) coursework and courseware programs for use within the institution, include the article in funding applications, and publicly post the article as part of theses and dissertations, provided full attribution and acknowledgement of the original publication of the article (with DOI links back to the formal publications on ScienceDirect) is given.

• The author’s employer may: distribute copies for internal training, provided they give full attribution and acknowledgement of the original publication of the article.

• Otherwise sharing is by agreement only

• The Published Journal Article cannot be shared publicly, for example, on ResearchGate or 

  Academia.edu 새 탭/창에서 열기, to ensure the sustainability of peer-reviewed research in journal publications

Open access articles:

• May be shared according to the author-selected, end-user license and should contain a CrossMark logo, the end user license and a DOI link to the formal publication on ScienceDirect 새 탭/창에서 열기

How to attach a user license

Elsevier requires authors posting their accepted manuscript to attach a non-commercial Creative Commons user license (CC-BY-NC-ND). This is easy to do. On your accepted manuscript, add the following to the title page, copyright information page or header/footer: © YEAR. Licensed under the Creative Commons [insert license details and URL].

For example:

© <year>. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 새 탭/창에서 열기

You can also include the license badges available from the Creative Commons website 새 탭/창에서 열기 to provide visual recognition. If you are hosting your manuscript as a webpage, you will also find the correct HTML code to add to your page.

Help and support

• If you would like any additional information about this policy, please contact the Permissions Helpdesk Support Center 새 탭/창에서 열기

• Please see our FAQs or download the policy handout (PDF) 새 탭/창에서 열기

• For further information about hosting content, please see our hosting policy

• For further information on Creative Commons licenses, please see the website 새 탭/창에서 열기 or FAQs 새 탭/창에서 열기

• Find out more about how authors can promote their articles